Magic with the QS1R - Two Apps at Once (Part 1)

Well, Wes, WZ7I has done it again.  This time, he has developed a way to run both Skimmer Server and the DL4RCK RTTY Skimmer application on the same receiver at the same time.  Stick with us, boys and girls, and Wes will explain how it is done.


The following block diagram explains succinctly what is involved.  It looks a little intimidating, but it really isn't hard to get going.

Over to you, Wes.

Running RCKskimmer and CW Skimmer Server on the QS1R Concurrently

When Alex, VE3NEA, introduced Skimmer Server for the QS1R it seemed to me he had accomplished two significant things.  In a display of coding virtuosity he had written compact software that used the SDR's FPGA to create 7 receivers.  Secondly, his software on the PC did an excellent job of decoding CW on each of these receivers.  More recently Petr Paryzek introduced CWSL_Tee.dll, a program that forms a "Tee" between the FPGA code and the PC code allowing you to tap into the data and feed it to other SDR applications while the PC portion of Skimmer Server skims the CW bands.  One such application is Petr's CWSL_File.exe that makes it easy to record each of these bands for later playback through SDR software.  Another application is his Extio_CWSL.dll which serves as an Extio file for Winrad or HDSDR allowing you to tune through one of these bands with headphones plugged into a computer sound card like using a conventional receiver.  The audio from this "HDSDR receiver" can be piped to any digital application like MMTTY or  RCKskimmer, DL4RCK's RTTY skimmer. 

On my QS1R SDR I have been running RTTY skimming on two HF bands while using CW Skimmer Server to skim seven bands of CW.  But nothing comes free and this arrangement introduces some limitations:

1)  During the day I no longer automatically change the bands that Skimmer Server covers using Aggregator's ini file rotation capability.  Nor can I use RCKskimmer's ability to change bands.  Each instance of HDSDR / RCKskimmer must sit on the same band around the clock unless I manually intervene to change bands (which is quite simple to do).

2)  RCKskimmer tunes the frequency in HDSDR by using com ports via Alex's program, Omni-Rig.  But Omni-Rig can control only Rig 1 and Rig 2, or two instances of HDSDR, in our case.  So we are limited to running RCKskimmer on only two of the seven Skimmer Server bands on a single computer.

3)  Finding a computer fast enough to handle contest peak decoding for Skimmer Server has been a challenge.  So how could a computer do all of that plus run two copies of HDSDR and two copies of RCKskimmer at the same time?  This turned out not to be a problem with recent computers because if the bands are full during a CW contest, there aren't many RTTY signals to spot and all this other software can be turned off.

So let's assume you have a machine currently running a QS1R and Skimmer Server.  How do we get all this other stuff going?

Installing CWSL_Tee.dll

Download the latest version of CWSL.zip from http://ol5q.nagano.cz/soft.php?page=Software  and carefully follow Petr's installation instructions.  Note where you put the file EXtio_CWSL.dll because later you will need it.  Start Skimmer Server and on the Skimmer tab change the receiver from the QS1R to CWSL_Tee on QS1R.  In several months of use I have found no disadvantage to using CWSL_Tee all of the time with Skimmer Server.  There appears to be no loss in sensitivity or degree of robustness.  Your Skimmer Server application should function entirely as before.

Install Virtual Audio Cables and Virtual Serial Ports

Install  the program, Virtual Audio Cable.  It costs $25 US but I have used it for years and it has a generous license agreement.  It is worth the investment for any SDR user.  You will need to set up two cables, for our example Cable 1 and 2.

Start Virtual Audio Cable Control Panel and for each cable change SR (sample rate) to 11025 to 48000 and click "Set" then "Exit".

If you are running Windows 7 you need to add an additional step.  Go to the Control Panel, Hardware and Sound, Sound, Manage audio devices.  Click on the Playback tab, select "Line 1, Virtual Audio Cable".  Then Click on Properties, Advanced, and from the pulldown menu select "2 channel, 16 bit, 48000 Hz (DVD Quality)", and then "OK".  Repeat this for "Line 2, Virtual Audio Cable".  Now repeat both steps for the two lines under the Recording Tab.  Your cables are now set up.

VSP Manager is an excellent piece of software from K5FR.  (http://k5fr.com/ddutilwiki/index.php?title=VSP_Manager)  If you are a licensed amateur email Steven with your call letters and he will give you access to the program.  Otherwise, you will need to use another virtual com port program.  After installation of  the software you need to set up 4 virtual com ports for communication between HDSDR and RCKskimmer.  For pedagogical purposes let's call them port 11 which talks to port 12 and port 13 that talks to port 14. 

[It will help you to follow along if you use the same port numbers that Wes did in this article.  You'll need to set up one pair for each band on which you plan to run RCKSkimmer. - Ed.]

Unlike the above image, your VSP Manager screen will not yet tell you which application is using each port until we set up the applications.

Setting up HDSDR

HDSDR originally appeared as "Winrad", written by Alberto, I2PHD.  It has now developed by Mario Taeubel in Germany.  You will probably want a copy of the User Guide by I2PHD from http://www.sdradio.eu/weaksignals/bin/Winrad_UG_1.32.pdf  The program has changed some since Alberto wrote the guide but this is the best documentation available. 

First let us set up this program so it can be used as a conventional receiver with a pair of headphones.  Since you will eventually have two copies of this software running, make certain you install it in two distinct subdirectories with different names.  I find it useful to immediately create two shortcuts on my desktop with these distinctive names so I do not confuse them.  Now go to directory where you installed CWSL_Tee,  find the important file, EXtio_CWSL.dll, and copy it into each of the two HDSDR directories.  Make certain Skimmer Server is running.  

Now start one copy of HDSDR.  You will get a little window that allows you to choose which band HDSDR should demodulate.  And in this window there is this strange parameter called Scale Factor.  Petr points out that Skimmer Server produces 24 bit data but programs like HDSDR use 16 bit data so the Scale Factor specifies which bits to retain after trimming.  For our purposes you need to choose some value between 16 and about 10.  I use the highest number that gives me noise in the waterfall when the band is "dead"  Try 13 for a first attempt with an HF band. 

Please go to Part 2 for the remainder of this post.

Multiple Receivers One Aggregator by WZ7I

We're indebted once again to Wes, WZ7I, for the following post.  If you've ever wondered how to easily send spots from two or more receivers through a single Aggregator to the RBN, this is for you

Using WinTelnetX to Funnel Spots from Two Receivers to Aggregator

With the introduction of RCKskimmer, the RTTY skimmer software from Walter, DL4RCK, RBN contributors have asked for directions about how to send RTTY skimmer spots as well as their CW spots to the Aggregator and then to the RBN.  One way to do this is to use WintenetX software from Dave, K1TTT.  For those of us who are not computer cognoscenti, Dave's software at first may appear complex so this brief guide is designed to help get it working.  I wish to thank Dave for his gracious help in preparing this blog post and for Dick, W3OA, for optimizing the configuration.

I have this working on both 32 bit Windows XP and 64 bit Windows 7 so you should not run into operating system issues. 

As a demonstration of how to set up the software, let's take the example of one computer running CW Skimmer Server on a QS1R receiver and a second computer fed by another radio, running a copy of RCKskimmer, WinTelnetX and Aggregator.  Your station will almost certainly be different but the modifications to the configuration will not be difficult. This approach becomes increasingly useful when you have multiple spot sources - if you really are using just two, you may choose simply to use two instances of Aggregator to feed the RBN server.

How should WinTelnetX be configured?  It will have one "input" port to obtain CW spots from Skimmer Server, an almost identical "input" port to obtain RTTY spots from RCKskimmer, and an "output" port to send the combined data stream to Aggregator.  Then we need to add plumbing between the three ports.

Install WinTelnetX

First, download the latest version of WinTelnetX from Dave's web site

Expand the zipfile into a new folder, typically, Program Files\WinTelnetX or Program Files (x86) for 64 bit OS.  (If you install somewhere other than under Program Files then you won't have to deal with the administrator permission prompts.)  Now start the program and choose "Run" if you get a security warning that the publisher is unknown.  This is what you will see: 

Before we begin, let's give our configuration (an ini file) a name.  Using the top menu click File>Save As, navigate to the directory where you installed WinTelnetX and save it as 2_rx_to_aggregator.ini

CW Skimmer Server Port

Now let's set up an "input" port to receive CW spots.  Using the menu navigate to Setup / Add New / Network Connect and you should see:

First, let's edit the Name to "CW Skimmer".  The QS1R is running on another computer so I went to that machine, obtained a command prompt, ran the command "ipconfig", and learned that its local ip address was 192.168.1.12 which I entered in the "Host Name or IP" box of the Net Connection Setup window.  I have Skimmer Server set to to the default telnet port number of 7300 so that must be entered here to replace the default "Port Number" of 23.  Change the Port Data Type to "Direct".  Now click "OK" and up pops the "Connect Script Setup" window.  

 

For the Prompt type "callsign:" and for the Response enter  your call, as in "WZ7I".  Select "Enable automatic reconnect" and enter something like 90 seconds. Now click "OK".  Note that at the bottom of the newly labeled CW Skimmer port window there are five icons which give Help information as you run your mouse over them, if this is the currently active window. 

RTTY RCKskimmer Port

Now we need to duplicate this process to configure a port to obtain RTTY Spots from RCKskimmer.  On the Program Setup window of RCKskimmer click on "Enable Telnet Server" and leave the default port at 7300 since that port is not in use already on this machine.   If Skimmer Server were running on the same computer I might change RCKskimmer's telnet port to 7200. 

Returning to WinTelnetX click on Setup / Add New / Network Connect.  Let's name this port RCKskim.  Since my copy of RCKskimmer is running on the same computer as WinTelnetX we can use "localhost" as the ip address and then enter "7300" as the "Port Number".  Again, change the Port Data Type to Direct.

 Once again set up the Connect Script:

Prompt: "callsign:"

Response: "WZ7I"

Select "Enable autoconnect in 80 seconds" and press OK

Aggregator Port

OK, one more port to go -- the port to send the combined spots to the Aggregator.  To figure out how to set up this port, let's first take a look at Aggregator.   

On the "Combine Skimmers" tab, fill out the information and click on the box to enable this function.  Now go to the "Connections" tab where the Skimmer Connection information tells Aggregator where to look for the incoming data.  If you have been using CW Skimmer Server this should be the address of your QS1R but now you want to change it to be the "output" port you are going to set up in WinTelnetX.  In my case Aggregator sits on the same computer as WinTelnetX so I will leave the "IP Address" as "127.0.0.1" or "localhost" and set the "Port:" as "23" since I already have RCKskimmer set to use port 7300 on this machine.  Enter your call and delete any password

Now let's return to WinTelnetX to set up an outgoing port.  

 

 So go to Setup / Add New / RX Network Connect.  Note that this is a different type of port than the incoming ports from the radios that we have previously used.  Let's name this "To Aggregator", set the "Host Name or IP"  to "localhost" and the "Port Number" to "23".  Change "Port Data Type" from "Cluster User" to "Direct".  

 

Click "OK" and in the empty Connect Script Setup window click "Enable autoconnect in 5 seconds".  Now click "OK".

We now have all the ports configured and all the windows that we will need.  So click on Window>Tile to see the four windows: the three port windows plus the Main console window.  Let's try out the incoming radio ports.  Click just to the right of the little white box in the upper left corner that says "All" and select the menu item "CW Skimmer".  Now click just to the right of this down arrow on the blue and red Connect icon.  If we have things correct the port should log into your QS1R and start CW spots rolling through the window.  Repeat the process choosing RCKskim and clicking on the Connect icon.  You should get a similar login message from your RCKskimmer software. 

 Configuring the Piping

 So far these spots don't know where to go.  So let's install some pipes to get them from the input ports to the output port. In WinTelnetX go to Setup / Routes.  Make certain "2 Way" is selected.  Select "Route From" "CW Skimmer" and "Route To" "To Aggregator" and then click "Add Route"

Now Select "Route From" "RCKskim" and "Route To" "To Aggregator" and then click "Add Route".  Now click "Done"

 

Start Aggregator, on the "Combine Skimmers" tab make certain the enabling check mark is in place, then go to the "Connections" tab. 

Move to the WinTelnetX application, select "All" in the white window in the upper left corner, and click on the blue and red connect icon.  Now return to the Aggregator / Connections tab and click on "Connect".  It may take 30 seconds or so but you should get the green message, "Connected to the Skimmer Combiner ...". 

Now you should be able to go to the Status tab and see the spots that are being sent to the RBN server.  Go to WinTelnetX and save the setup again with File/Save.

 

Create a Shortcut

You can start WinTelnetX automatically by creating a shortcut for it and putting that shortcut in the Startup Menu or by creating a Scheduled Task in Windows.  To create the shortcut right click on WinTelnetX.exe and select Create Shortcut.  Then right click on the shortcut and select Properties.  Change the Target box for the shortcut to look like:

C:\Program Files\WINTELNETX\WinTelnetX.exe 2_rx_to_aggregator.ini –start

One warning… if you have spaces in your ini file you will have to put quotes around it.  There should also be a space between the ini file name and the “-start” flag, it may not look like that in certain fonts.

When you use that shortcut it will load the ini file and then start all the ports at once.

If you have more than two skimmer spot sources, you can always add another "input" port to your configuration. 

Good luck.  Enjoy.

Secrets of Successful Skimming - WZ7I

For several years now, WZ7I has been one of our more successful Skimmer contributors to the RBN.  He consistently tops all US East Coast Skimmers in the number of spots he posts during contests, so I asked him to tell us his secrets.  Here's his story:

Pete asked for a note describing my RBN receiving system but a precautionary note is in order -- I am not an engineer and my views are not authoritative.  My location is an advantage.  I am in a semi-rural environment 100km west of the New Jersey coast.  The vertical antenna is in the woods where the radials are in wet soil part of the year.

The Antenna

I was introduced to SDR units by playing with a KB9YIG SoftRock kit and I became persuaded of the importance of controlling the impedance of the receive antenna.  When Alex introduced Skimmer Server I decided to purchase the QS1R but was perplexed by what kind of omni-directional antenna system to install that would have reasonable impedance on all of the bands, including 160m and the WARC bands, if possible.  

 he active vertical antenna similar to the Clifton Laboratories Z1501D was an obvious possibility but Jack's antenna wasn't quite ready at the time and I had a bias toward putting up a vertical that could serve as a transmitting antenna if my interests changed.   

The excellent study of HF vertical performance in 2000 by N0AX and K7LXC excluded several multi-band verticals from my consideration.  I liked the HyTower verticals installed in my 80m array and decided to install that antenna's "little brother", the HyGain HyTower Jr, a 39 foot (12m) vertical with wire "cage loading" on 80 and full size wire elements on 40, 20, 15 and 10 meters.  It is a design that has been around for decades and it is simple enough that I understand how it works so I can repair it when it breaks.  Mine is not guyed.   

Of course the key to making this work is the radial field so I purchased four 500' rolls of #14 insulated solid house wiring and cut each roll into 8 equal pieces resulting in 32 radials, each 19 meters long.  I use the DX Engineering radial plate and feed the vertical with about 90 meters of Davis RF  Bury-Flex through a Polyphaser lightning protector.   After the coax losses this system has an impedance between 23 and 78 ohms on all ten bands from 1.8mHz to 28.3mHz with the exception of 18.1mHz where the impedance is about 148 ohms.

The Pre-Amp and Receiver

I tried using the QS1R with no preamp but it was obvious that other RBN receivers were hearing stations above 14mHz that I could not hear so I added the Clifton Laboratories Z10040A 11db amplifier for a big improvement in the number of spots I detected.

The Computer

The initial computer was a Intel Q8300 Core 2 Quad running Windows XP which worked fine except for the CQ WW DX contest when it failed at about 2800 decoders.  This has been replaced with a Windows 7 64 bit Intel I7-3770 which has yet to be truly tested in the CQ contest, but seems to work fine.  I use the W3OA Aggregator to change bands during the day.

ARRL DX CW Stats from N6TV

Active Skimmers

Skimmer       Spots    Mean S/N
---------   -------    --------
WZ7I-#       111918        43.8
K3MM-#       100221        42.5
KM3T-#        97518        42.6
W3OA-#        92648        54.5
NY3A-#        89057        41.8
K8ND-#        86634        54.1
DL1EMY-#      82014        39.2
AA4VV-#       81666        37.3
PJ2T-#        80225        32.8
GW8IZR-#      78356        43.3
DK9IP-#       77106        33.8
S50ARX-#      76332        41.9
DR1A-#        76263        52.5
W8WWV-#       75490        42.3
W3LPL-#       75226        57.8
WA7LNW-#      74432        58.9
K3LR-#        73698        64.6
EI6BT-#       70148        39.2
N4ZR-#        66693        36.7
KQ8M-#        66675        65.2
DL2CC-#       66518        42.9
N7TR-#        64001        44.9
DJ3AK-#       63273        35.1
EI6IZ-#       63270        41.9
WE4S-#        63173        37.5
DK0TE-#       62725        35.1
HB9DCO-#      60018        34.9
ES5PC-#       59951        44.0
F4EGZ-#       59290        41.7
G0KTN-#       53117        36.0
OL5Q-#        53084        43.8
HA6PX-#       52166        43.0
W4AX-#        51291        35.7
N6TV-#        50799        29.5
DF7GB-#       49788        37.4
NC7J-#        47670        52.4
K1TTT-#       47269        61.1
TF3Y-#        46750        38.8
N6WIN-#       45153        61.9
TF4M-#        45107        42.4
W4KKN-#       43918        41.4
LA5EKA-#      43488        40.0
W4KAZ-#       40376        38.9
ZL2HAM-#      40035        31.1
W8WTS-#       38982        31.5
KH6LC-#       38962        30.4
VE6AO-#       38616        30.5
RZ3DVP-#      38296        32.9
HA1VHF-#      35998        43.4
S55HH-#       35224        36.4
N0TA-#        34932        21.5
DL8LAS-#      32290        26.4
K9QC-#        32271        60.2
EA4TX-#       31389        51.1
RU9CZD-#      29410        32.3
WA3OPY-#      29124        30.6
S52AW-#       28608        33.0
UA4NE-#       26805        36.2
V51YJ-#       25835        55.9
K5TDA-#       24959        36.9
PA1T-#        24491        47.1
VE2WU-#       23628        47.7
RN3A-#        19789        25.7
DL0LBS-#      19609        38.7
F5VLY-#       18176        39.3
NE5S-#        17200        38.6
SQ8J-#        15316        42.7
W2RDX-#       14960        34.3
KS4XQ-#       14742        54.2
W3ODB-#       14602        39.9
SA4BFH-#      14574        26.7
OZ1DJJ-#      14404        33.0
K2DB-#        14202        31.9
NU6O-#        13722        66.6
N6NC-#        13716        45.8
JA4ZRK-#      12720        27.7
KA9SWE-#      12184        42.6
DJ9IE-#       10701        48.8
OZ5W-#         9976        30.6
M0BPQ-#        9728        42.9
JK4USW-#       9517        29.8
VK6IA-#        9175        20.5
R4WT-#         8979        54.6
RA1OGN-#       8767        32.3
SP7KED-#       8349        41.3
VK1LW-#        8303        20.8
F6IIT-#        8211        42.3
S55OO-#        8207        46.0
HA6M-#         7571        61.0
NP2L-#         6903        25.2
K1FC-#         6804        34.5
JG1VGX-#       6253        25.7
RN4WA-#        5727        24.0
UR5QA-#        5640        35.7
SK3W-#         5606        44.8
K1UO-#         4642        66.3
RM6AA-#        4589        31.6
F6FGZ-#        4312        43.7
K0FTC-#        3650        50.8
PY1KN-#        3334        14.7
DO4DXA-#       3127        63.1
SV9/IV3NOB-#   2935        32.2
DL1AMQ-#       2928        44.0
NA0B-#         2817        25.9
N4BAF-#        2481        52.9
7Z1SJ-#        1249        16.0
ON5KQ-#         792        49.4
JE1SGH-#        736        23.5
DJ2RD-#         690        36.5
ON6ZQ-#         490        74.1
EI6KH-#         400        23.9
HB9FMN-#        181        42.1
F6BNM-#         155        38.6
DL1EFW-#        105        39.9
WI4T-#           61        37.5
JJ1LIB-#         38         5.2
SA7AKE-#         37        16.8
DH2ID-#          17        16.6
IT9TYR-#         11        26.8
GM0ELP-#          6        30.4
PA0MBO-#          3        30.3
N7NTQ-#           3        21.8
9V1RM-#           3         4.1

2013 ARRL DX CW

Most Spotted

Callsign      Spots    Mean S/N
---------   -------    --------
K3LR          37498        53.1
NQ4I          34687        52.2
NR4M          33849        46.0
W3LPL         32521        50.5
HK1NA         29885        54.8
K1LZ          29251        46.5
PJ4X          29044        53.6
9A1A          28047        51.7
LZ9W          24667        50.0
TM6M          23301        50.8
N3RS          22105        47.0
M5E           19838        51.8
W4RM          19596        47.7
PJ2T          19022        54.9
OL7M          18843        50.0
DR4A          17913        54.6
KB1H          17291        47.3
TI5W          17203        56.8
WK1Q          17153        44.0
DL1A          17064        57.0
K5GO          16966        43.1
K9CT          16463        40.3
NY4A          16414        41.8
VE3JM         15663        44.6
VP2ME         15216        55.2
HA30S         15025        52.7
KH6LC         13750        56.6
N6RO          13224        42.6
W0AIH         13034        41.4
K1KP          12798        57.1
IR4M          12184        55.7
K4TCG         12034        40.2
W2FU          11475        39.2
W5RU          11429        48.6
EA5RS         11302        55.4
LX7I          11273        56.2
RL3A          11162        58.5
K3CR          11145        44.8
LN8W          10754        46.3
AA3B          10729        48.0
W2RE          10599        34.2
EF7X          10535        56.5
K0DQ          10438        56.9
K3WW          10395        37.8
AD4Z          10177        48.0
KH7X          10131        51.1
EI7M          10130        58.7
N2NT          10042        48.0
K1RX           9892        35.0
OM7M           9824        52.9


Most Spotted Callsigns

     World-Wide    
Call          Spots
---------   -------
K3LR          37498
NQ4I          34687
NR4M          33849
W3LPL         32521
HK1NA         29885
K1LZ          29251
PJ4X          29044
9A1A          28047
LZ9W          24667
TM6M          23301
N3RS          22105
M5E           19838
W4RM          19596
PJ2T          19022
OL7M          18843
DR4A          17913
KB1H          17291
TI5W          17203
WK1Q          17153
DL1A          17064

               160m
Callsign      Spots  Pk. S/N  Med. S/N  Mean S/N
--------      -----  -------  --------  --------
K3LR           4329       63      29.0      43.2
S59A           3906       93      29.0      58.4
9A1A           3685       76      30.0      49.0
NR4M           3619       79      30.0      47.7
W3LPL          3533       80      26.0      46.4
HK1NA          3398       80      18.0      46.6
DJ0MDR         3117       79      27.0      48.1
W4ZV           3066       98      29.0      63.2
N2CW           2895       73      28.0      44.9
S53O           2882       82      27.0      48.3
K1LZ           2700       65      25.0      39.9
PJ4X           2557       70      17.0      37.6
YU7AV          2383       82      28.0      49.5
LZ9W           2351       84      28.0      53.9
F5IN           1708       90      27.0      58.3
M5E            1562       56      25.0      38.2
TM6M           1554       84      25.0      52.5
OK2W           1539       79      29.0      49.0
K4PI           1441       75      29.0      45.5
W8TOP          1395       69      28.0      46.1

                80m
Callsign      Spots  Pk. S/N  Med. S/N  Mean S/N
--------      -----  -------  --------  --------
K3LR           6463       98      26.0      59.9
W3LPL          6247       93      29.0      55.3
NQ4I           5893       90      27.0      52.7
K1LZ           5700       80      27.0      45.8
NR4M           5354       63      26.0      41.6
C6APG          5263       77      21.0      41.6
W1MK           4989       87      24.0      51.8
PJ4X           4947       73      23.0      39.1
DJ5EU          4673       75      30.0      43.2
F5CQ           4621       70      27.0      38.4
9A1A           4449       73      33.0      47.7
N3RS           4381       61      24.0      39.6
UU7J           4372       77      32.0      45.3
HK1NA          4303       90      21.0      54.5
LN9Z           4202       58      29.0      39.0
LZ9W           4122       71      35.0      47.6
LY5W           4042       74      31.0      42.2
HA1AG          3963       81      31.0      47.7
DL7ON          3910       88      29.0      52.4
OL7M           3908       74      35.0      46.2

                40m
Callsign      Spots  Pk. S/N  Med. S/N  Mean S/N
--------      -----  -------  --------  --------
K3LR          11155       87      24.0      49.3
NQ4I          11058       96      27.0      56.0
W3LPL          9813       90      25.0      50.6
K1LZ           9593       87      26.0      49.5
NR4M           9518       86      24.0      46.6
N3RS           8982       70      23.0      35.8
C6AKQ          8497       80      24.0      44.0
S57Z           8458       96      24.0      56.8
HK1NA          8268       72      28.0      42.2
SN3R           7990       91      22.0      52.2
YU1LA          7934       77      33.0      50.1
SN2M           7744       67      21.0      37.8
W4RM           7695       89      23.0      50.8
IR2R           7666       65      21.0      41.6
S56X           7646       93      24.0      54.7
9A1A           7561       90      27.0      51.6
LZ9W           7456       76      32.0      49.4
EA8CMX         7385       86      29.0      48.1
S57AL          7331       94      26.0      55.6
PJ4X           7313       79      24.0      42.2

                20m
Callsign      Spots  Pk. S/N  Med. S/N  Mean S/N
--------      -----  -------  --------  --------
NQ4I           9704       68      20.0      44.1
K3LR           8614       62      20.0      34.6
NR4M           8182       64      20.0      32.9
9A1A           7965       79      24.0      46.1
W3LPL          7647       76      20.0      44.2
PJ4X           7452       97      21.0      58.5
OK7K           7052       79      22.0      48.6
LZ9W           6845       81      27.0      50.7
HK1NA          6802       84      22.0      48.1
FY5KE          6379       89      22.0      52.0
K2XA           6229       70      23.0      38.8
TM6M           6010       88      25.0      52.9
K1LZ           5984       82      21.0      44.9
N4TB           5899       71      20.0      43.9
S51DX          5768       80      20.0      45.2
5C5W           5620       94      19.0      57.0
N2PP           5348       70      19.0      36.2
KB3WD          5225       61      24.0      36.6
M5E            5131       86      21.0      49.8
S52OT          5104       90      19.0      53.0

                15m
Callsign      Spots  Pk. S/N  Med. S/N  Mean S/N
--------      -----  -------  --------  --------
NR4M           5285       82      20.0      48.0
K3LR           4985       83      21.0      47.0
HK1NA          4849       92      22.0      61.4
NQ4I           4739       58      19.0      33.8
PJ4X           4419       89      22.0      54.1
TM6M           4380       84      22.0      52.4
PJ2T           4217       96      24.0      60.8
K3RV           4212       97      21.0      60.8
K1LZ           3971       70      21.0      37.9
TI5W           3809       98      22.0      62.3
W3LPL          3766       65      21.0      41.0
KI1G           3765       78      19.0      43.0
S50K           3739       89      22.0      56.9
K5RQ           3720       62      20.0      38.4
HD2A           3682       96      20.0      60.6
KD2RD          3632       59      21.0      35.2
LZ9W           3566       71      23.0      47.7
W4RM           3489       82      20.0      46.8
K9CT           3452       64      20.0      38.1
9A1A           3449       87      25.0      58.0

                10m
Callsign      Spots  Pk. S/N  Med. S/N  Mean S/N
--------      -----  -------  --------  --------
PJ4X           2356       71      25.0      43.5
NQ4I           2310       67      14.0      42.3
HK1NA          2265       85      28.0      52.9
PY2ZXU         2037       88      24.0      55.6
K3LR           1952       68      17.0      44.6
NR4M           1891       84      17.0      51.5
EA8CN          1736       90      19.0      59.9
VP2ME          1731       65      27.0      40.5
XQ1KZ          1577       73      20.0      43.6
CE3CT          1518       53      20.0      28.9
W3LPL          1515       65      17.0      41.2
PJ2T           1478       77      28.0      46.7
CE3DNP         1471       73      18.0      41.6
TI5W           1452       84      21.0      53.9
K2SSS          1435       60      15.0      33.0
LU6UO          1411       75      14.0      44.4
PY2MTS         1373       89      16.0      58.1
N6RO           1362       81      15.0      49.8
LU7HZ          1325       47      15.0      25.5
KH6LC          1316       88      20.0      57.9



   North America   
Call          Spots
---------   -------
K3LR          37498
NQ4I          34687
NR4M          33849
W3LPL         32521
K1LZ          29251
N3RS          22105
W4RM          19596
KB1H          17291
TI5W          17203
WK1Q          17153
K5GO          16966
K9CT          16463
NY4A          16414
VE3JM         15663
VP2ME         15216
N6RO          13224
W0AIH         13034
K1KP          12798
K4TCG         12034
W2FU          11475

   South America   
Call          Spots
---------   -------
HK1NA         29885
PJ4X          29044
PJ2T          19022
P40L           8781
P49V           7730
HK3TU          6718
P40W           6433
FY5KE          6386
LT1F           5356
CE3CT          5090
PY2NDX         4778
CW5W           4480
HD2A           3684
LU1DZ          3204
OA4SS          3035
PV8ADI         3003
PX2C           2642
PY1SL          2598
PY2EX          2405
CE1/K7CA       2383

       Europe      
Call          Spots
---------   -------
9A1A          28047
LZ9W          24667
TM6M          23301
M5E           19838
OL7M          18843
DR4A          17913
DL1A          17064
HA30S         15025
IR4M          12184
EA5RS         11302
LX7I          11273
RL3A          11162
LN8W          10754
EF7X          10535
EI7M          10130
OM7M           9824
SK3W           9612
SN7Q           9315
OM2VL          9224
YU5R           9174

       Africa      
Call          Spots
---------   -------
EF8USA         8440
EA8CMX         7399
EF8R           6302
CR3A           5654
5C5W           5621
6V7S           5277
3V8BB          4857
EA8ZS          4137
EF8N           4056
EA8NC          3011
CN8WW          2113
EA8CN          1738
EA9EU          1538
6W/HA0NAR       910
D2QV            522
EA8AVK          467
EA9/DL2RNS      403
ZS2NF           324
5X8C            278
EC8AFM          198

        Asia       
Call          Spots
---------   -------
C4N            6735
JA3YBK         6688
5B/UW2M        4599
UA9CDV         4416
JE1ZWT         4266
7J1YAJ         4190
JA0QNJ         3305
RT0C           3046
JA8RWU         2982
JR2GRX         2822
JE1CKA         2353
JF1SQC         2279
JS3CTQ         2172
JA1XMS         2126
JE1LFX         2107
JA6SHL         2055
JN4MMO         1820
7M4CLF         1652
JH4UYB         1644
JG1ILF         1509

      Oceania      
Call          Spots
---------   -------
KH6LC         13750
KH7X          10131
ZM1A           7043
KH7M           3310
ZL3IO          3298
ZL2AGY         3106
VK2IM          2394
3D2RX          1513
ZL1BYZ         1497
T88UU          1281
WH6R           1058
ZM4M            959
KH6MB           888
YE1ZAT          743
VK4UC           722
NH2T            600
VK2PN           535
YB4IR           526
WH7W            509
VK7GN           496